High School

Education goes beyond high school to become a neuropsychologist, so be sure to enroll in college preparatory courses. Classes should include mathematics (algebra, geometry, and calculus, physics), biology, chemistry, psychology, sociology, English courses, and computer science. Take a modern foreign language, such as French or German, because reading comprehension of these languages is usually one of the requirements for a doctorate degree.

Postsecondary Training

Many neuropsychologists and clinical neuropsychologists hold a doctorate in psychology (Ph.D. or Psy.D.). Some doctoral programs offer degrees in neuropsychology, although many have doctorate programs in psychology or clinical psychology, with a concentration in neuropsychology. 

Undergraduate studies may concentrate on psychology, but not all graduate programs require entering students to have a bachelor's degree in psychology. Nevertheless, college studies should include psychology courses, such as experimental psychology, developmental psychology, and abnormal psychology. Other essential studies include classes in statistics, as well as such classes as English, foreign language, and history to complete a strong liberal arts education.

Master's degree level courses usually cover statistics, ethics, and industrial and organizational content. Some doctoral programs accept students with master's degrees; in other cases, students enter a doctoral program with only a bachelor's degree. Because entrance requirements vary, you will need to research the programs you are interested in to find out their specific requirements. The doctorate degree typically takes between four and seven years to complete for those who begin their studies with only the bachelor's degree. Course work will include studies in various areas of psychology, neuropsychology, and research (including neuroscience, neuroanatomy, pathopsychology, and quantitative research methods). Those who focus on research often complete a yearlong postdoctoral fellowship. Those studying to become clinical or counseling neuropsychologists must complete a one-year supervised internship. Frequently those who are interested in clinical neuropsychology will get the Psy.D., because this degree emphasizes clinical rather than research work. Those interested in clinical neuropsychology should attend a program accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA).

Unlike psychiatrists, neuropsychologists do not need to attend medical school.

Other Education or Training

Neuropsychologists are required to maintain their licensure by completing continuing education (CE) seminars, webinars, and other learning opportunities provided by professional associations at the national, state, and local levels. The American Psychological Association, for example, offers online courses, classes, and workshops on topics ranging from ethics and legal issues to practice specialties and mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. The American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology, National Association of School Psychologists, Society for Industrial & Organizational Psychology, and the American College of Forensic Psychology also provide CE opportunities. Contact these organizations for more information. 

Certification or Licensing 

The American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology (ABCN) administers the certification examination for clinical neuropsychology. The ABCN is a specialty board of the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP). The ABPP offers voluntary specialty certification in areas such as clinical psychology, clinical neuropsychology, and counseling, forensic, industrial-organizational, and school psychology. Requirements for certification include having a doctorate in psychology, professional experience, appropriate postdoctoral training, and the passing of an examination. Those who fulfill these requirements receive the designation of diplomate.

The National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) awards the nationally certified school psychologist designation to applicants who complete educational requirements, an internship, and pass an examination. Many states recognize the designation.

Neuropsychologists in independent practice or those providing any type of patient care, such as clinical, counseling, and school psychologists, must be licensed or certified by the state in which they practice. Neuropsychologists must complete one or more of the following to become licensed: a pre-doctoral or post-doctoral supervised experience, an internship, a residency program, or one to two years of professional experience. They must also pass an examination. Check with your state's licensing board for specific information. Also find information at the Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards Web site, https://www.asppb.net.

Most neuropsychologists and clinical neuropsychologists have a doctorate degree, have participated in an internship or residency, and have five or more years of work experience. Those who diagnose and treat patients must have strong knowledge of neuropsychology, psychology, and therapy practices as well as the ability to relate to people. Strong listening skills and the desire to help people better understand themselves and others are essential in this type of work. The job requires analytical, critical thinkers who have the ability to weigh solutions to problems and come up with logical and reasonable approaches. Clear communication skills are needed, particularly for translating and interpreting data for patients, peers, supervisors, and subordinates. Neuropsychologists are also committed to lifelong education since our understanding of humans is constantly evolving. A basic curiosity is required as well as a fascination with the way the human mind works.